Youth
Addiction Research Foundation. Youth and Alcohol Information Package.Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1995.
Articles in this information package are designed to provide a
beginning step in creating an understanding of the main issues
related to youth and alcohol use. A brief annotated bibliography
precedes the 22 articles reproduced in the publication. Also
included are references to such other resources as additional
readings, journals, public information materials, videos,
organizations, electronic information sites, and prevention
programs.
Alberta Family Life and Substance Abuse Foundation. Preventing Campus Alcohol Abuse: Research For a Campaign. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission, 1993.
This publication is a collaborative effort designed to test an
alcohol abuse prevention program on four Alberta campuses. The
primary focus was on students entering their first year of
university or college. The report presents the results of
preliminary research used as a basis for developing the prevention
material contained in its first two sections. Section Three
presents the strategy document and recommendations for future
implementation.
Bochner, Stephen. "The effectiveness of same-sex versus opposite-sex role models in advertisements to reduce alcohol consumption in eenagers." Addictive Behaviours 19(1): 69-82, 1994.
The differential effectiveness of same- versus opposite-sex role
models in persuading teenagers to reduce alcohol consumption was
investigated. Based on an actual set of commercials, four 1-minute
videos were constructed, in which either boys or girls discussed how
alcohol affected either boys or girls. The overall pattern showed
that, as predicted, same-sex role models were more effective, and
that moderate drinkers were more influenced than heavy drinkers.
Both findings have implications for teenage health education
campaigns (27 references).
Boyd, Gayle M., Jan Howard, and Robert A. Zucker. Alcohol Problems Among Adolescents - Current Directions in Prevention Research. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1995.
This book provides an overview of issues related to alcohol use and
abuse by adolescents. The eleven articles deal with topics such as
adolescent alcohol decisions, identification of high-risk
adolescents, and several approaches to prevention and harm reduction
strategies. Chapters 10 and 11 may be especially useful to those
doing policy research, as they discuss community strategies for
reduction in youth drinking, and the effects of alcohol price policy
on youth drinking behaviour.
Christner, Anne Marshall (ed.). Community Handbook For Preventing Youth Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Providence, RI: Manisses Communications Group Inc., 1992.
The articles in this handbook were selected with a view to
identifying the most vulnerable youth and the risks involved in
alcohol and other drug use, reporting prevention approaches that
have worked in various communities. Topics covered are: risks of
alcohol and drug abuse, predictors of such abuse, school-based
prevention programs, alternative prevention activities, and
government policies for prevention. Resource information is
available at the end.
Coston, Nevin, Norman Giesbracht, Marianne Kobus-Matthews, Miles Magner, Gary Timoshenko, and Paulette West. "Who uses alcohol?" in Facts About Alcohol Policy in Ontario, chapter 2. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1996.
This publication is intended as a single source of information for
health professionals working in the field of substance abuse.
Section 2 provides consumption patterns of alcohol and trends in use
for school students, street youth, and university students. A
statistical profile provides figures on the estimated number of
youth who reported drinking alcohol in Canada (1993) and Ontario
(1995). Also included are statistics on motor vehicle accidents for
alcohol-involved young drivers, and juveniles charged with liquor-act
offenses. Fast Facts provides some general information on
alcohol use related to each of the three groups. A resource section
includes an annotated bibliography and information on organizations
that can offer assistance in addressing alcohol issues.
Crowley, James F. and Joseph A. Muldoon. Task Force Planning Guide: A Proven Approach To Fighting Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Helping Troubled Youth. Minneapolis, MN: Community Intervention Inc., 1989.
A ten-step planning guide for community mobilization based on the
premise that alcohol and other drugs are only part of the "drug
problem." Personal, professional, and political elements play a
role as well. The guide is designed to help those concerned with
community action create a task force, gather information, develop
ideas and mould them into a program proposal, and garner political
support for such a program.
DeWit, David J., Gloria Silverman, Michael Goodstadt, and Gina Stoduto. "The construction of risk and protective factor indices for adolescent alcohol and other drug use." Journal of drug Issues 24(4): 837-863,1995.
This paper applies the risk factor approach to assess the influence
of protection and risk on five measures of substance use: overall
involvement in drugs, frequent alcohol use, frequent illegal drug
use, frequent drug abuse, and quantity of daily cigarette
consumption. Data were obtained from a self-report questionnaire
containing over 60 risk and protective measures administered to
nearly 400 grade 9 students in 7 Toronto high-schools. Results
supported the hypothesis of separate risk and protective factor main
effects for all categories of substances. Implications of
identifying high-risk youth and programs designed to prevent/reduce
problem behaviour among this group are discussed (45 references).
Ellickson, Phyllis L., and Ron D. Hays. "Antecedents of drinking among young adolescents with different alcohol use histories." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 52(5): 398-408, 1991.
Testing separate-path analytic models for 7th grade users and non-users,
the authors assess the impact of cognitive, social influence,
and behavioral antecedents on adolescent drinking 3 and 12 months
later. For the group that had not tried alcohol by grade 7, social
influence factors fostered more frequent alcohol use and binge
drinking in the near future. For children who had already started
by grade 7, cognitive as well as social and behavioral factors
affect near- and longer-term involvement. Believing that alcohol
use is harmful helps hold down increases in frequency use. Engaging
in deviant behaviour and doing poorly in school did not predict
future drinking among baseline non-users, but did foretell which of
the 7th-grade initiates were more likely to engage in binge drinking
during grade 8 (30 references).
Gliksman, Louis, Kenneth Allison, Edward Adlaf, and Brenda Newton-Taylor. "Toward a comprehensive school drug policy in Ontario." Journal of Drug Education 25(2): 129-138, 1995.
The study reported here examines the development and implementation
of School Drug Policy in Ontario Boards of Education, the components
of these policies, and the composition of policy development
committees. Findings indicate that school policies are increasingly
comprehensive, including not only disciplinary measures, but also
a preventive curriculum and early intervention component. Students
were often not included in the process of early policy development,
indicating a "top-down" rather than "bottom-up" approach.
Health and Welfare Canada. Alcohol and Other Drug Use By Canadian Youth. Prepared by Marc Eliamy, Scot Wortley, and Edward Adlaf. Minister of Supply and Services, 1991.
This report focuses on consumption of alcohol and other drugs by
youth and young adults aged 15-24, and related behaviours and
consequences. The survey was carried out in March 1989.
Respondents were asked a broad array of questions about their use
of alcohol and other drugs. The results provide a solid basis for
evaluating the dimensions of the problems caused by alcohol and
other drugs among Canadian youth.
Howard, George S. Issues In Alcohol Use and Misuse By Young Adults. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994.
This book addresses the issues and problems related to alcohol use
on university campuses, being specifically concerned with the
university's role in education and prevention. Part II examines the
characteristics of effective helping programs. Part III offers
examples of effective college programs, and considers family issues
in collegiate alcohol use, misuse, and treatment.
Iannotti, Ronald J., and Patricia J. Bush. "Perceived versus actual friend's use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and cocaine: which has the most influence?" Journal of Youth and Adolescence 21(3): 375-389,1992.
Determinants of the use of alcohol, use without parental knowledge,
cigarettes, marijuana, and crack were assessed in predominantly
black, urban, fourth- and fifth-grade students. Each subject
identified three best friends. Logistic and least square analyses
indicate that children's perceptions of friends' use, perceptions
of family use, and actual use of classmates, were better predictors
of substance abuse than friends' actual use. The pattern of
predictors suggest that peer behaviours and attitudes are more
influential for children's socially censured behaviours such as
using alcohol without parental permission than for more socially
approved behaviours such as using alcohol with parental permission
(34 references).
Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Youth Issues Compendium. MADD, 1990.
The contents of this compendium are divided into sections, each
covering a major program area related to impaired driving among
youth. Each section describes actions that might be taken to
develop legislation or to implement community programs . For each
program or issue discussed, the book contains MADD's position
statement and resources supporting this stand. A final section
provides further references.
National Commission on Drug-Free Schools. Toward a Drug-Free Generation: A Nation's Responsibility. National Commission on Drug-free Schools, 1990.
The final report presents an outline of goals for achieving drug-free
schools by the year 2000; an overview of drug problems among
young people; a summary of students' views on alcohol, tobacco, and
other drugs; and an outline of roles and responsibilities of
community groups and organizations. The commission's findings and
recommendations provide observations about drug problems and suggest
ways that schools and communities can begin to solve them. Examples
of some effective drug prevention programs appear throughout the
report.
Newsam, Barbara Sprague. Student Assistance Programme: Technique and Materials For Alcohol/Drug Prevention and Intervention in Grades 7-12. West Nyack, NY: The Centre for Applied Research in Education, 1992.
This handbook provides counsellors, administrators, and student
assistance personnel with everything necessary to set up, refine,
or overhaul any secondary school effort to help students with
personal problems, especially those related to drug and alcohol use.
Oneymade, Ura Jane, and Delores Brandon-Monye. Ecology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use: Helping Black High-Risk Youth - OSAP Monograph No. 7. Rockville, MD: Office for substance Abuse Prevention, 1990.
High-risk youth compose the most vulnerable population group for
problems associated with alcohol and other drug use. Because
problems associated with use affect all areas of a youth's life, a
holistic approach is particularly effective. As traditional
prevention programs are seldom appropriate for use with high-risk
groups, several chapters in this monograph are devoted to
identifying the special attributes and innovative approaches that
are suitable for use with multi-ethnic, and other vulnerable youths.
Patterson, Larry T., Garland G. Hunnicutt, and Mary Ann Stutts. "Young adults' perceptions of warnings and risks associated with alcohol consumption." Journal of Public Policy and Marketing 11(1): 96-103, 1992.
Young adults 16-24 were surveyed regarding their perceptions of
alcohol warnings and the risks associated with alcohol consumption.
Respondents who reported consuming larger quantities of alcohol
perceived alcohol consumption to be significantly less risky than
respondents who reported consuming smaller quantities of alcohol.
There were no significant differences between males and females and
between Hispanics and Anglos in the perceived risk of consuming
alcoholic beverages (49 references).
Resnick, Hank (ed.). Youth and Drugs: Society's Mixed Messages. Rockville, MD: Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1990.
This volume examines past and present societal influences that have
fostered the continued use of licit and illicit drugs by Americans.
The volume presents the analysis and viewpoints of prevention and
communications experts on how "mixed messages" are often sent to
American youth regarding acceptable uses of alcohol and other drugs.
It analyzes public and private sector policies, practices, and
regulatory initiatives aimed at reducing and eliminating alcohol and
other drug problems.
Shope, Jean T., Laurel A. Copeland, Ruth Maharg, Ted E. Dielman, and Amy T. Butchart. "Assessment of adolescent misuse prevention study." Health Education Quarterly 20(3): 373-390, 1993.
This report describes a procedure to assess the ability of
adolescents to refuse the offer of a beer, and presents the findings
of those assessments as well as their relationships to alcohol
misuse prevention knowledge, susceptibility to peer pressure,
internal health locus of control, and self-esteem. The results
provide support for teaching referral skills in the evaluation of
such programs (43 references).
Single, Eric. The Impact of Social and Regulatory Policy on Drinking Behaviour, paper presented at the meeting of the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse. Washington, 1991.
The degree to which youth are exposed to alcohol is influenced by
social and regulatory policy on alcoholic beverages. This paper
discusses the impact of regulatory policy on drinking behaviour,
with particular attention to high-risk youth. The theoretical
linkages between control policy, consumption, and adverse
consequences are explored and the research literature is summarized.
Also reviewed is the evidence concerning the impact of advertising,
price controls, legal drinking age, warning labels, and other
control policies.
Spectrum Consulting Services. Interact: An Alcohol and Drug Education Program For Youth In Non-Traditional Settings. Vancouver, B.C.: Alcohol and Drug Education Service, 1990.
This program is designed for use by persons who wish to educate adolescents who are at risk of abusing substances in developing the personal and social skills necessary for them to act responsibly about the issue of substance use and abuse. Studies of high risk adolescents show that the lack of social skills necessary for them to refuse alcohol or other drugs can be a contributing factor to the yielding to these offers. The Interact is a secondary prevention program that takes a life skills approach to teaching these social skills, and addresses such correlates of substance abuse as low self-esteem, poor communication skills, stress management, and learning to define values and goals. Students' participation is guided by ten modules (40 references).
TACADE. Lager and Blastaways: An Alcohol Training Program For Youth Workers. Salford, Greater Manchester: TACADE Education for Health,1995.
The package comprises five units of training material which aim to develop youth workers' competence and confidence to raise and respond to alcohol issues relevant to young people's needs. The five units include such topics as: young people and alcohol, strategies for informal education about alcohol, managing alcohol related incidents, working with young problem drinkers, and developing alcohol policy and guidelines for youth work settings.
U.S. Department of Education. Youth and Alcohol: Selected Reports to the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Education, 1992.
The reports reprinted here are among several presented to the Surgeon general of the United States. These reports contain information that is useful to educators and others who develop or implement school based alcohol and other drug prevention programs. They outline the scope of the problem, discuss laws governing alcohol use by students, and provide insight into youth's attitudes about alcohol.
U.S. Department of health and Human Services. The future By Design: A Community Framework For Preventing Alcohol And Other Drug Problems Through a Systems Approach. Rockville, MD: Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1991
This publication is based on the findings of a survey of 26 communities throughout the U.S. that were identified as having a prevention system in place. It also encompasses prevention theory research and program development related to at-risk populations. The framework offers direction for communities beginning to develop a prevention system.
Vingilis, Evelyn, Robert Mann, and Paulette Walters. Youth Action Program. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1993.
The Youth Action Program is designed for young people aged 13-19 who have leadership potential. Participants in the program learn about substance abuse and about community resources for young people who have alcohol and other drug problems. This manual is intended for the staff of community centres or other groups who will act as facilitators for the program. It describes the concepts behind the program, provides detailed directions for each program activity, and includes relevant resource materials. Appendix and photocopiable handouts are also included.
Bibliography compiled by
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Library
33 Russell St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
Tel. (416) 595-6144
Fax: (416) 595-6601
Web site: www.camh.net